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K-pop Fandoms and Protest Culture

Joseph Hwang In the 1980s, South Korea achieved democracy through a constitutional amendment that allowed direct presidential elections in response to civil resistance against military rule. This constitutional shift came at a significant cost, with ordinary citizens sacrificing their lives so that future generations could establish a nation grounded in their cherished values. Today, the older generation of South Koreans plays a pivotal role in this democratic legacy, as the freedoms and values they fought for have nurtured the global rise of K-pop. For this generation, protests are ingrained in their culture, yet they believe such actions should not be necessary. The term “martial law” is particularly sensitive for them, as they are acutely aware of the oppressive military dictatorships in South Korea’s history, where it was a tool for controlling dissent. Just hearing the phrase triggers memories of the violence that occurred during pro-democracy protests. However, on December 3, 202...

Structure of an Exclusive Management Agreement for a K-Pop Artist (Standard Form Contract) - Part 1.

Joseph Hwang


* Attention: This article is based on the latest version of the “Standard Form of Exclusive Contract for Musicians (hereinafter referred to as “SFEC,” Notice No. 2024-0021, Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism of the Republic of Korea, amended on June 3, 2024).”


1. Purpose of the Agreement (SFEC, Article 1.)


The SFEC defines the purpose of the contract as follows: “This Agreement is hereby based on the premise that the Promoter (Company) and the Singer (Artist) actively cooperate for each other’s mutual benefit and development and aims to promote mutual benefits by allowing the Singer to develop his/her talents and qualities through his/her best efforts, as well as to cherish his/her honor and reputation as a pop culture artist, and the Promoter to faithfully provide management services to maximize the Singer’s talents and qualities and to maximize on behalf of the Singer’s interests therein.”


The entertainment industry, South Korea, the Korean government, and the court, before the establishment and announcement of SFEC, had tended to center their weight on the rights and interests of the artists against the management companies. Because, as entertainers, some artists who want to debut to the public through the media are juveniles. Juvenile artists must be protected and prevented from criminal issues such as sexual harassment, exploitation, overdue payment of profit sharing, etc., and the media press has accused the social irregularities of exposing the structural dangers in this industry. So this situation related to the public opinion to improve, and it drove the pressure to establish the SFEC or to act on any other legislation of the Congress.


As a result, the SFEC and the “Popular Culture and Arts Industry Development Act” were established and implemented.


However, the SFEC is for more than just artists. It’s also for the entertainment companies. Since the Korean government was more concerned about protecting the rights and interests of the artists than the entertainment companies when the SFEC was first established, after a while, some artists began to try to TAMPER beyond their management companies. TAMPERING is the act of the artist who is under contract with the management company secretly contacting other companies to transfer even under the exclusive artist contract. It’s a specific condition of breach of contract.


Therefore, the Korean government has continuously revised and amended the Supplement of Equivalence between Artists and Companies. The SFEC applies to all contract parties due to the written “Purpose of the Agreement,” Article 1.


* Standard contract analysis continues in the series.

** References and Quotations:

https://thediplomat.com/2022/12/the-dark-side-of-k-pop/

https://koreaexpose.com/k-pop-korean-music-musicians-labor-abuse/


Series Articles


Overview

https://www.musicbusiness.co.kr/2024/05/structure-of-exclusive-management.html


Part 1.

https://www.musicbusiness.co.kr/2024/05/structure-of-exclusive-management_26.html


Part 2.

https://www.musicbusiness.co.kr/2024/06/structure-of-exclusive-management.html


Part 3.

https://www.musicbusiness.co.kr/2024/06/structure-of-exclusive-management_16.html


Part 4.

https://www.musicbusiness.co.kr/2024/06/structure-of-exclusive-management_17.html


Part 5.

https://www.musicbusiness.co.kr/2024/07/structure-of-exclusive-management.html


Part 6.

https://www.musicbusiness.co.kr/2024/07/structure-of-exclusive-management_01542276195.html


Part 7.

https://www.musicbusiness.co.kr/2024/07/structure-of-exclusive-management_01087688807.html


Part 8.

https://www.musicbusiness.co.kr/2024/07/structure-of-exclusive-management_01424712409.html


Part 9.

https://www.musicbusiness.co.kr/2024/08/structure-of-exclusive-management.html


Part 10.

https://www.musicbusiness.co.kr/2024/08/structure-of-exclusive-management_01152619180.html


Part 11.

https://www.musicbusiness.co.kr/2024/08/structure-of-exclusive-management_02015202593.html


Part 12.

https://www.musicbusiness.co.kr/2024/08/structure-of-exclusive-management_0344258694.html


Part 13.

https://www.musicbusiness.co.kr/2024/08/structure-of-exclusive-management_01948078176.html


Part 14.

https://www.musicbusiness.co.kr/2024/08/structure-of-exclusive-management_01343672800.html


Part 15.

https://www.musicbusiness.co.kr/2024/08/structure-of-exclusive-management_01662660807.html


Part 16.

https://www.musicbusiness.co.kr/2024/08/structure-of-exclusive-management_01890859357.html


Part 17.

https://www.musicbusiness.co.kr/2024/08/structure-of-exclusive-management_01326951735.html


Part 18.

https://www.musicbusiness.co.kr/2024/08/structure-of-exclusive-management_0820736726.html

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