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K-pop: Individual Cognition Theory

Joseph Hwang 1. Individualization of Value If I were to be asked to provide a concise definition of art that is grounded in the human senses, I would suggest that the key elements are "look (visual perception)" and "storytelling (narrative)." Any entity must exist in a cognizable form to communicate with other living beings. This form can be described as "appearance," while the narrative provides a temporal dimension, thus giving the entity life. It is only through the medium of life that art can create meaning; through this same medium, the message of that meaning can be conveyed.  It was previously stated that the economic value of each musical composition is unique. Similarly, the financial value of the artist who performs and delivers that music is also variable. Since music is an aural phenomenon, it lacks a visual representation. However, the artists who create and perform music possess a visual identity. Each artist possesses a distinctive appearanc

A&R: The Core of the Music Business World

Joseph Hwang


* This article is based on the "2023 Music Industry White Paper" published by the Korea Creative Content Agency, part of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism of the Republic of Korea.


A&R is a term that combines the first letter of the artist and the repertoire. This A&R means a core person in the world of the music business who further matches an artist and songs and then manages the artist to debut or comeback including the entire recording process. The possibility to hit a song is very much assigned to the role and ability of an A&R. A&R always analyzes, evaluates, forecasts, calculates, and decides how to make the artist's big success through hits.


In the early days of the music business industry, the boundary between an artist manager and an A&R was not definite. As the music business industry developed, the role and character of A&R were more and more distinguished, then now specialized and specified except the small companies.


The A&R should maintain the musical and media publicity senses, and observe and catch the changes of public trends and emotions. First of all, the A&R should be able to see through the merits and defects of human beings with their mental and psychological states, so remarkably bring out the attractiveness of the artist more than whatsoever.


A&R always treats and deals with the information of repertoires among the pool of songwriters or publishing companies, for this task, the A&R must renew the updates of this information around the communities. Also, A&R should be able to get the latest news on who can become the jackpot as the new face artists and composers. Even though the small points shouldn't be missed unless possible, they should be trained to think otherwise than others.


The A&R who belongs to the bigger company, is getting clearer the role in charge of publicity for media and press. It means that the role of A&R including the promotion in charge is certainly distinguished from the specialist of publicity works in larger companies.


However, many people wonder how to be an A&R in the field of the K-pop industry. Unfortunately, there is still no way to enter the official or authorized organizations for education. There is only one way to enter K-pop companies by applying for the recruitment opportunities and learning the job under the seniors as an apprentice after being hired.


* References and quotations:

https://welcon.kocca.kr/ko/info/trend/1953646

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